What is a Network Switch?
A network switch is a hardware device that connects multiple devices on a computer network, allowing them to communicate with each other. It operates at the data link layer of the OSI model, using MAC addresses to forward data packets to their intended destination. Unlike a hub, which broadcasts data to all connected devices, a switch directs data only to the specific device it’s meant for, improving network performance and efficiency.
Benefits:
- Improved network performance: By directing data to specific devices, switches reduce network congestion and increase data transfer speeds.
- Enhanced security: Switches can be configured with security features like port security and VLANs to protect network resources.
- Scalability: Switches can be easily added to expand a network as needed.
- Reduced collisions: Switches prevent data collisions, which occur when multiple devices try to send data at the same time.
Use Cases:
Switches are essential components of almost any network:
- Local Area Networks (LANs): Connecting computers, printers, and other devices within a building or campus.
- Data centres: Building high-speed and reliable network infrastructures.
- Home networks: Connecting multiple devices like computers, smart TVs, and gaming consoles.
Key Components:
- Ports: Physical connections for network cables.
- Switching fabric: The internal architecture that handles data forwarding.
- Buffer: Temporary storage for data packets.
- MAC address table: A database of MAC addresses and their corresponding ports.
- Management interface: For configuring and monitoring the switch.
